REACH 471 - What are your views on the mandatory charge for disposable carrier bags? Do you think that this charge will help reduce the consumption of plastic bags? What has your experience been since the introduction of this disposable carrier bag charge last Monday?
(SK)
10 Jul 2023 (10am - 7pm)
REACH
10/07/2023, 9:46 am - +REACH: *Dear Contributors,*
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10/07/2023, 10:00 am - +REACH: π’ *Topic* π’
Since last Monday (3 July), supermarket operators with an annual turnover of more than S$100 million began charging at least 5 cents per disposable carrier bag.
π¬ *What are your views on the mandatory charge for disposable carrier bags? Do you think that this charge will help reduce the consumption of plastic bags? What has your experience been since the introduction of this disposable carrier bag charge last Monday?*
The disposable carrier bag charge was announced in March last year and aims to nudge customers towards the habit of bringing reusable bags where they can, reducing the need for disposables.
Addressing the media on the first day of the mandatory charge, Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment Amy Khor said: “We hope that this initiative, which will encourage the public to consider the number of disposable carrier bags that they take as well as encourage them to bring their own reusable bags, will result in a reduction in the use of disposable carrier bags in the long run.”
In preparation for the charge, supermarkets have been placing posters to remind customers to bring their own bags. Cold Storage, Fairprice and Giant also previously announced that they would be implementing an honour system for the charges of disposable carrier bags, allowing customers to scan the barcode for the bags themselves.
In addition, FairPrice also announced that 33 of their outlets would have bag racks where shoppers can donate reusable bags for other shoppers to take, helping to facilitate the transition to reusable bags.
However, several felt that the new charges would take some getting used to, citing the convenience and previously ingrained habit of using plastic bags. Many also highlighted the usefulness of using plastic bags to bag their trash.
ππ» https://str.sg/iUr2
ππ» https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/plastic-bag-charge-starts-jul-3-shoppers-habit-convenience-3602246
ππ» https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/disposable-carrier-bag-charge
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10/07/2023, 10:02 am - ~ REACH Singapore changed the group description
10/07/2023, 10:02 am - ~ REACH Singapore changed this group's settings to allow all participants to send messages to this group
10/07/2023, 10:14 am - +Caleb: Horrible change
10/07/2023, 10:18 am - +Frankie Wee: Plastic charger help reduce and save e-waste but charge $0.05 money go to NEA building project for E-waste environment
10/07/2023, 10:19 am - +Frankie Wee: Heard story what happened Philippines PH dumps 2.7M tons of plastic waste into the sea and then become mountain plastic.
10/07/2023, 10:27 am - +Rama: I have no issues
10/07/2023, 10:44 am - +Anne: Dear G,
You “solve” the shopping bag issue but not the garbage bag issue. What’s the point of reducing shopping bags when people will just spend money to buy garbage bags? How will us buying garbage bags help to solve the plastic bags issue?
10/07/2023, 10:48 am - +9richard: I pay for plastic bag too as bringing shopping bag can be inconvenient
10/07/2023, 10:50 am - +Timothy Low: I bring at least 1 shopping bag out now so to me no issue. it's good to reduce plastic and save the earth
10/07/2023, 10:54 am - +Terrie Wiong: The world is faced with imminent catastrophe due to climate change & excessive consumption.
It behoves all of us to suffer a little inconvenience to solve this problem for the good of us all.
10/07/2023, 11:36 am - +Ah Heng: another crap save the earth thing
10/07/2023, 11:37 am - +Ah Heng: wanna compare plastic bag compare to how styrofoam takes longer to decay
10/07/2023, 11:37 am - +Ah Heng: it take more than these recycle and reduce to save earth espically at the rather human are evolving
10/07/2023, 11:38 am - +Ah Heng: th eneed for your so call phones and IT staff is already killing earth and its eco society
10/07/2023, 11:38 am - +Ah Heng: wanna save earth close down all these firms ...
10/07/2023, 11:38 am - +Ah Heng: wanna earth stop the biggest war factory country
10/07/2023, 11:39 am - +Ah Heng: wanna save earth ban the use of aircon / cars ....
10/07/2023, 11:39 am - +Rama: Fossils fuels too!
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Smiley face: Hi Terri,
A powerful statement from our Seniors...
Thank you!
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Smiley face: "The water in the river flows so the toxic materials go along the meandering water into the ocean and reversely flows back into the river,...it is Harmonic!"
- - anonymity
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Frankie Wee: Ban condom is also a plastic
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Ah Heng: how we came about today is not because of many other countries but that few countries which were craily evolving with their industries (thus they became 1st world) but drag the rest of the globe down to pay for what carbon tax or save the earth tax ...
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Ah Heng: yeah ban that
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Rama: No safe sex then!
10/07/2023, 11:40 am - +Ah Heng: and if wanna ban plastics start with the factories not consumers
10/07/2023, 11:41 am - +Ah Heng: am sure the factories uses more plastics then consumers
10/07/2023, 11:41 am - +Ah Heng: o yeah ban air travel too yeah
10/07/2023, 11:41 am - +Ah Heng: too much earth resources being used and after that air pollution
10/07/2023, 11:42 am - +Ah Heng: rubbish all these western idealogies
10/07/2023, 11:42 am - +Ah Heng: we have reach a stage where there is no truning back
10/07/2023, 11:42 am - +Ah Heng: products in market are there as an addiction not a need is more of a want
10/07/2023, 11:42 am - +Ah Heng: thus to be responsible is to use wisely and strike a balance
10/07/2023, 11:43 am - +Ah Heng: phone use to be a coupel of years 1 model now each company is outdoing for profit one year 2-3 models out
10/07/2023, 11:43 am - +Ah Heng: that is call earth freindly? i think my 7th mth items for the dead more earth freindly
10/07/2023, 11:43 am - +Ah Heng: burnt already the ashes can used for something else minus the smoke pollution
10/07/2023, 11:43 am - +Rama: Coal fuel locomotives and steamboat
10/07/2023, 11:44 am - +Ah Heng: like some said and mentioned before this plastic bag thing is going to make life more difficult for the collectors of trash
10/07/2023, 11:44 am - +Ah Heng: den what next fee increased
10/07/2023, 11:45 am - +Ah Heng: one small 5 cents can lead to a water fall serious of problem and whats the solution here -> oooo increased fees cos need man power
10/07/2023, 11:45 am - +Ah Heng: but who is paying is the public
10/07/2023, 11:45 am - +Ah Heng: is there not more a proper way to handle this like maybe a better reward program
10/07/2023, 11:46 am - +Ah Heng: to encourage the user of bring your own bag
10/07/2023, 11:46 am - +Frankie Wee: Water bottle is also plastic
Plastic everything is product
Plastic bag no different
10/07/2023, 11:46 am - +Ah Heng: yeah ban those also do it
10/07/2023, 11:47 am - +Frankie Wee: π³
10/07/2023, 11:47 am - +Ah Heng: or maybe in weeks to come we will see u buy plastic product will have a levy
10/07/2023, 11:47 am - +Rama: π³π€¦♂️π
10/07/2023, 11:47 am - +Ah Heng: look our basic of being earth friendly is not even there frankly how many of us sort our trash
10/07/2023, 11:47 am - +Frankie Wee: Then use paper box
10/07/2023, 11:48 am - +Ah Heng: papers, bottle, glasses, perishables ...
10/07/2023, 11:48 am - +Ah Heng: till the day we are like japan in sorting trash whatever the rest of the world claims to help is crap
10/07/2023, 11:48 am - +Ah Heng: is another way to filled someone pocket
10/07/2023, 11:48 am - +Ah Heng: then soon someone will say paper coms from tree... etc etc
10/07/2023, 11:49 am - +Ah Heng: hahahahah
10/07/2023, 11:49 am - +Ah Heng: nv ending cycle
10/07/2023, 11:49 am - +Ah Heng: *comes
10/07/2023, 11:49 am - +Frankie Wee: Not only Japan
But Philippines is worse plastic of mountains
10/07/2023, 11:50 am - +Rama: Tree replanting!?
10/07/2023, 11:50 am - +Ah Heng: takes years to grow a tree thus everytime i see a tree down for road or hdb or property or mall is like what garden city we talking here
10/07/2023, 11:50 am - +Frankie Wee: 5 cent is peanuts every day buying 7 days per 5pcs less total $1.75 per week
10/07/2023, 11:50 am - +Ah Heng: more like cement city now
10/07/2023, 11:51 am - +Ah Heng: to some families one will be surprise what is 1.75 can do ...
10/07/2023, 11:51 am - +Frankie Wee: They will use e-waste recycling
10/07/2023, 11:51 am - +Ah Heng: not to forget this is on top of other living cost rising
10/07/2023, 11:54 am - +Frankie Wee: Budget payout cash $700 1st Aug is enough?
10/07/2023, 11:54 am - +Ah Heng: can cover for your whole life
10/07/2023, 11:54 am - +Ah Heng: remember what goes up do not comes down
10/07/2023, 11:55 am - +Rama: Age
10/07/2023, 11:55 am - +Frankie Wee: Yes permanent age
10/07/2023, 11:55 am - +Ah Heng: cost in singapore lah
10/07/2023, 11:55 am - +Ah Heng: hahahahaha
10/07/2023, 11:55 am - +Ah Heng: petrol goes up 5 cents comes down 3 cents tell me who wins
10/07/2023, 11:56 am - +Frankie Wee: Compare to other country global costing of living is the standard level economy
10/07/2023, 11:56 am - +Ah Heng: power bill goes up 5 cents comes down 2 cents does u call that a reduction no reh we still paying 3 cents more
10/07/2023, 11:56 am - +Ah Heng: dun compare lah
10/07/2023, 11:56 am - +Ah Heng: if wanna comapre put this way education is free cos public is paying
10/07/2023, 11:56 am - +Ah Heng: here ?
10/07/2023, 11:56 am - +Frankie Wee: U can live Malaysia very affordable
10/07/2023, 11:57 am - +Ah Heng: even for cdac those who try to apply machim like need to check your ancestor 18 generations ago
10/07/2023, 11:57 am - +Ah Heng: getting support from comfort seems easier than our dear cdac who draw 3 dollars from every chinese
10/07/2023, 11:58 am - +Ah Heng: working chinese that is how much per mth already
10/07/2023, 11:59 am - +Rama: Yes
10/07/2023, 12:00 pm - +Ah Heng: one can live comfortable any where as long as mind set and able to merge with the society there
10/07/2023, 12:00 pm - +Timothy Low: I thought it’s rubber?
10/07/2023, 12:00 pm - +Ah Heng: minus the concerns for security
10/07/2023, 12:31 pm - Your security code with ~ Alcander Seow changed. Tap to learn more.
10/07/2023, 12:32 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Depends
10/07/2023, 12:54 pm - +Kenneth Lee WM: Exactly!
It's the most silly policy gov has ever come out with.
Just transfer the problem to somewhere else and increase our cost.
They should come up with policies like "the right to repair", getting vendors to carry and sell spare parts at a reasonable cost. Instead, they come out with charging $0.05 for plastic bags. What are they thinking of!
10/07/2023, 12:58 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Money making machine. Only whipping mechanism. Fine and it's fine with use too hahaha
10/07/2023, 12:59 pm - +Jimmy Chew: My friends are now asking what do you do when you run out of plastic bags for waste?
10/07/2023, 12:59 pm - +Jimmy Chew: The will have red boxes now hahaha
10/07/2023, 12:59 pm - +Timothy Low: Just curious, for those who opposed this charging and claimed that they have to buy garbage bag, your house don’t have a habit to keep plastic bags for use previously?
10/07/2023, 1:00 pm - +Sam: The objective of charging for plastic bag is not to ban it but to encourage reducing the usage of plastic bag. When we want to bag our rubbish, hopefully we are reminded that each plastic bag cost 5 cents and thus only throw it when the bag is thrown. Planting the seeds to be more environmental friendly is part of the awareness and educational approach.
10/07/2023, 1:00 pm - +Jeremiah Wee: Actually the true cost of plastic is probably about 1 to 2 cents a plastic bag. The extra 3 cents is the cost of convenience to me that enriches the supermarket.
govt can still be even more draconian and price in carbon emissions of packaging and disposal. But culture takes time to change.
More curious as to how we can reward good behaviour (cashback per kg of recyclables?) instead of a punitive charge. Recycling companies largely kickstarted by grants for the next phase are profiting off citizen labour. How can some benefits of being eco friendly trickle down to the common man?
10/07/2023, 1:00 pm - +Jimmy Chew: They don't have so much money to buy. It's small daily purchases that can be hand carried. In my neighborhood they are not that affluent
10/07/2023, 1:02 pm - +Rama: Good point
10/07/2023, 1:21 pm - +Smiley face: These bins can be fire hazard or safety or?
Are there recycled "Blue" colored bins in each HDB block to cultivate good habits of not throwing everything down the rubbish chute? And how about the other bins to minimise littering in the Public space?
10/07/2023, 1:22 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
*Preventing unfettered excess plastic bag used and wastage*
1. Firstly, I will like express my view that plastic bag wastage need to be curb as unfettered use of plastic bag pollute the Earth and cause many unintended consequences to the life of people on Earth eg.
a. plastic bags go into the ocean, eaten by fish and sea animals - turn into micro-plastic - and humans eat the seafood together with contaminants micro-plastic - and harm human health.
2. Hence, changing the ways we use plastic bags and reduction of plastic bags waste become a necessity.
3. However, there is a need to bag home refuse - liquid waste and solid waste to ensure hygiene and prevent outbreak of pests, diseases at home.
Hence a plastic bag a day to bag home refuse - solid and liquid waste become necessary - else household will throw their liquid waste and solid waste down the rubbish chute without bagging their home refuse - causing hygiene problem to the whole estate.
4. With the above consideration in mind, is charging plastic bag the only solution to reduce plastic bag wastage?
I will discuss that later.
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10/07/2023, 1:32 pm - +Smiley face: https://youtu.be/60O62xoaJno
10/07/2023, 1:37 pm - +TD: It's totally moronic in Singapore's context.
1) Amy khor herself said less than 4 years ago that there is no plans to ban plstic bags and that it does not make sense in Singapore's context.
2) we burn and landfill everything. Nothing kills the turtles. Flotsam @ East Cost is mostly from the anchorage or our neighbours.
3) Alternative to plastics especially plastic bags have a heavier environmental footprint than our plastics bags, especially whole of life.
NTU has a 2020 paper on this.
4) this whole supermarket plastic bag tax is just forcing the cost down to consumers, and not helping the environment in the first place.
NTUC has always wanted to do this and now they finally managed to lobby the legislation into place to force the other big chains to follow suit.
10/07/2023, 1:38 pm - +TD: There is no need to do this in Singapore. Just because some 3rd world country has issues managing their waste - doesn'nt mean we do
10/07/2023, 1:40 pm - +TD: Not true in Singapore's context.
All the alternatives have a higher carbon cost whole of life instead of plastic bags.
In our context plastic bags are more environmentally friendly than the alternatives.
NTU has a paper on this
10/07/2023, 1:42 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
5. Excessive Plastic bags also produce micro plastic in the air.
10/07/2023, 1:43 pm - +Smiley face: The concept of harmonic progression and harmonic mean has wide applications in math, physics, business, and other areas such as recycling and so..
The harmonic progression is formed by taking the reciprocal of the terms of the arithmetic progression. If the given terms of the arithmetic progression are a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, ...., then the terms of the harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) are 1/a, 1/(a + d), 1/(a + 2d), 1/(a + 3d), 1/(a + 4d),...... Here a is the first term and d is a common difference. Both a and d have Non-Zero values.
How can one take on a deeper meaning of the Periodic table and start reexamining each element, a group and up to three elements?
The harmonic progression is infinite! The opposite is distortion!...
10/07/2023, 1:45 pm - +Dan: https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/plastic-bags-more-eco-friendly-paper-and-cotton-bags-countries-singapore-ntu-study
10/07/2023, 1:46 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 1:46 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 1:46 pm - +Dan: This is the ntu study. But the recommendations are
*The team recommended fully utilising reusable plastic bags to reduce the consumption of single-use plastic bags.*
*Asst Prof Lisak said that based on 2018 statistics, reducing the single-use plastic grocery bag consumption in Singapore by half could prevent more than 10 million kg-CO2 emissions a year.*
10/07/2023, 1:47 pm - +Caleb: +1
10/07/2023, 1:48 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
5. I will later address plastic bags charges from an economic angle.
10/07/2023, 1:48 pm - +Smiley face: Habits and mindsets...
10/07/2023, 1:53 pm - +Noraini: Bought Salmon from ntuc. Bring purchase home with my recycle bag. Washing it to be use for next shopping trip.
Before the 5cent charge, I would have used it for garbage throwing.
Now I increase my utility bill
10/07/2023, 2:00 pm - +REACH: π’ *Topic* π’
Since last Monday (3 July), supermarket operators with an annual turnover of more than S$100 million began charging at least 5 cents per disposable carrier bag.
π¬ *What are your views on the mandatory charge for disposable carrier bags? Do you think that this charge will help reduce the consumption of plastic bags? What has your experience been since the introduction of this disposable carrier bag charge last Monday?*
The disposable carrier bag charge was announced in March last year and aims to nudge customers towards the habit of bringing reusable bags where they can, reducing the need for disposables.
Addressing the media on the first day of the mandatory charge, Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment Amy Khor said: “We hope that this initiative, which will encourage the public to consider the number of disposable carrier bags that they take as well as encourage them to bring their own reusable bags, will result in a reduction in the use of disposable carrier bags in the long run.”
In preparation for the charge, supermarkets have been placing posters to remind customers to bring their own bags. Cold Storage, Fairprice and Giant also previously announced that they would be implementing an honour system for the charges of disposable carrier bags, allowing customers to scan the barcode for the bags themselves.
In addition, FairPrice also announced that 33 of their outlets would have bag racks where shoppers can donate reusable bags for other shoppers to take, helping to facilitate the transition to reusable bags.
However, several felt that the new charges would take some getting used to, citing the convenience and previously ingrained habit of using plastic bags. Many also highlighted the usefulness of using plastic bags to bag their trash.
ππ» https://str.sg/iUr2
ππ» https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/plastic-bag-charge-starts-jul-3-shoppers-habit-convenience-3602246
ππ» https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/disposable-carrier-bag-charge
10/07/2023, 2:01 pm - +Anne: The G may impose a water tax or water rationing in future in our glorious fight against climate change.
https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/SM-Tharman-at-the-UN-2023-Water-Conference-Official-Side-Event
10/07/2023, 2:03 pm - +Stella: What happened to the all R&D on biodegradable carrier bags? I would rather pay for those at the supermarket, if that option is available.
10/07/2023, 2:08 pm - +Stella: A search on Google shows that it is already available. Our G should make the merchants offer such options.
10/07/2023, 2:09 pm - +Stella: When the merchants purchase biodegradable carrier bags in bulk, it will be cheaper than if we were to buy these online individually.
10/07/2023, 2:10 pm - +Stella: Up to G if G wanna encourage the merchants to do so.
10/07/2023, 2:17 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Hahaha. Didn't realize it. We're funny Reachers
10/07/2023, 2:17 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
*How the plastic bag charge change my household shopping and bagging waste habit*
1. As for now, with the plastic bag charge of 5 cents per bag, I will bring reusable bags to bag my groceries once per week to buy my one week groceries.
2. However, i will refrain from doing impulse buying anytime of the week as I don't carry reusable bags everytime i go out in public except my backpack whereby I have to carry my needed equipment.
3. Since I don't pay for single use plastic bags for groceries, I will be using my previously accumulated supermarket plastic bags to line my waste basket to bag solid waste.
I will usually clear my waste every day - end of the day.
But since I am using my spare plastic bags, I will usually accumulate the solid waste 2 or 3 days before disposing off the plastic bag of waste - and then come the problem.
Now I see more pests visiting - cockroaches, ants, lizards - plus my wife screams.
4. As for liquid waste, I use a smaller container and line it up with smaller plastic bag that come free from food stalls and smaller retail shops.
I dispose off the liquid waste everyday - end of the day.
5. As for both the Minister and MOS demonstration of using toilet roll plastic bag, rice plastic bag - once a blue moon, I will use them to bag the solid and liquid waste - as I don't buy toilet rolls every day or buy rice every day as I need to bag my solid and liquid waste everyday.
I probably buy toilet rolls and rice - 1 or 2 months.
I can't accumulate the liquid and solid waste 1 or 2 monts before throwing.
Thus improvising such plastic bags is not a good option for me.
I don't use delivery order plastic bag - as I don't order my groceries online.
6. What will happen if I finish using all my spare plastic bags at home?
I will see what I can do when the day comes.
10/07/2023, 2:17 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 2:19 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 2:19 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 2:20 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
Small container for liquid waste - use free plastic bags from food stall and small retail stores.
Will dispose off every day to prevent pests.
10/07/2023, 2:22 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
Use previous spare supermarket plastic bags to line my solid waste - to clear 2 or 3 days after it become full.
But may have to clear every day if pests like cockroach, lizards, ants - and my wife scream comes.
10/07/2023, 2:24 pm - +Jimmy Chew: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 2:31 pm - +KL: To stop plastic maybe we can ask all handphone to use same type of charger and stop making our phone slow after 2 years as well
10/07/2023, 2:31 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
And now I have to waste 2 plastic bags (after single plastic bag charge) instead of 1 plastic bag when there is no charge - to dispose off my solid and liquid waste.
One small plastic bag for liquid waste.
One supermarket plastic bag for solid waste.
(Hopefully no pests and scream comes - can keep 2 or 3 days) - else got to throw every day.
Previously with no plastic bag charges - I only use 1 supermarket plastic bag - for both solid and liquid waste.
The irony of plastic bags charges - use more plastic bags to bag waste than before.
10/07/2023, 2:31 pm - +KL: Same type of headphone plug , handset charger , etc
10/07/2023, 2:31 pm - +Rama: Good start at least somewhere!
10/07/2023, 2:33 pm - +KL: Those cheap fans that sold at ntuc throw after one year should also stop it a waste of material and energy to manufacture
10/07/2023, 2:33 pm - +KL: Whole fan was okay except that screw have to throw away after a year use <This message was edited>
10/07/2023, 2:34 pm - +KL: Water heater that no warranty for ten years should not be sold as well <This message was edited>
10/07/2023, 2:34 pm - +KL: If want to do , let do it once and for all
10/07/2023, 2:35 pm - +Rama: Yes
10/07/2023, 2:35 pm - +KL: Poor ppl will benefit from this
10/07/2023, 2:35 pm - +Rama: Yes
10/07/2023, 2:35 pm - +Rama: Agree
10/07/2023, 2:35 pm - +KL: Frankly plastic bag only mainly impact poor as most ppl may call ntuc deliver and no car <This message was edited>
10/07/2023, 2:51 pm - +KL: Btw to conserve water , i agree but I think swimming pool that build with low usage should be allow if the person can drink up the whole pool after swim.
10/07/2023, 2:51 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
Hence, my conclusion is that, charging plastic bags - on the superficial front seems to solve the excess plastic bags problem.
But in effect cause unintended side effects.
1. I use 2 plastic bags instead of 1 to clear all my solid and liquid waste per day.
2. It comes with economic cost that I will later elaborate.
3. It also comes with political cost - whereby lower income groups got the most impact.
The above are the main reasons why I don't think charging plastic bags is a good solution to solve the excessive plastic bags wastage.
Hence I propose another feasible solutions that unfortunately is not taken up:
1. It will reduce plastic bags usage - because it is a hard quota
2. It will encourage plastic bags use to bag refuse waste without additional wastage.
3. It will not impact and further fuel the current high inflation and cost of living.
But in fact has an economic multiplier effect.
4. It has positive political outcome instead of political cost.
10/07/2023, 2:51 pm - +Rama: With other people urine already diluted!?
10/07/2023, 2:51 pm - +KL: Than should not built right
10/07/2023, 2:53 pm - +Rama: No difference with high usage public pools!
10/07/2023, 2:53 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
Correction, I propose another feasible solutions should be:-
My close friend and my wife jointly propose another feasible solution - whereby I am their spokesperson.
10/07/2023, 2:54 pm - +Rama: What is it!?
10/07/2023, 2:54 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
Come later, long story.
10/07/2023, 2:54 pm - +Rama: Ok
10/07/2023, 3:13 pm - +~L: Good to help keep in our mindset that the environment is important. Would like to see bio degradable bags kept free (if the shop chooses). Would like the 5c charge to be put into a Climate Protection fund. Would like to see this as one step in addressing the climate problem, and not presented as a solution on its own.
10/07/2023, 3:25 pm - +Smiley face: The wet markets are not charging for plastic bags whereas all supermarkets are charging it...
10/07/2023, 3:27 pm - +Rama: Not yet anyway for now
10/07/2023, 3:30 pm - +Frankie Wee: Also hawker no charge too
10/07/2023, 3:31 pm - +Ah Heng: WHY U SAY ... hahahahaha
10/07/2023, 3:31 pm - +Ah Heng: soon every shop will have to charge ai ya... dun give them idea mah
10/07/2023, 3:31 pm - +Ah Heng: next time fast food will also charge
10/07/2023, 3:32 pm - +Ah Heng: haiya imagine how many 5 cents we have to fork out them
10/07/2023, 3:32 pm - +Rama: Yes
10/07/2023, 3:32 pm - +Rama: Use app to pay
10/07/2023, 3:32 pm - +Smiley face: 300 plastic bags cost $12....$0.04 cents each bag...
10/07/2023, 3:33 pm - +Smiley face: Sabo....
10/07/2023, 3:33 pm - +Ah Heng: yeah and some will say 12 dollars small amount
10/07/2023, 3:33 pm - +Ah Heng: but do anyone know 12 dollars is a kids mcdonald meal once a month for lower income family
10/07/2023, 3:33 pm - +Smiley face: No sweat....continue using...
10/07/2023, 3:33 pm - +Ah Heng: to these family a trip to mcdonalds is like a oversea trip
10/07/2023, 3:34 pm - +Smiley face: Go hawker centre, cheaper...
10/07/2023, 3:34 pm - +Frankie Wee: $12 = 300pcs
Hawker customer order foods 100 per days
10/07/2023, 3:35 pm - +Smiley face: More....
10/07/2023, 3:35 pm - +Ah Heng: these whole save the earth thing globally is dam fake .....
10/07/2023, 3:35 pm - +Ah Heng: just some ways to filled some organization pocket
10/07/2023, 3:36 pm - +Ah Heng: is political not really environmental
10/07/2023, 3:36 pm - +Smiley face: Big Money....(倧倧θ΅θ΅)
10/07/2023, 3:36 pm - +Ah Heng: it is
10/07/2023, 3:36 pm - +Ah Heng: u got carbon tax (lucky not apply to humans) / plastics bag / air travel
10/07/2023, 3:37 pm - +Ah Heng: is better den a bank no need give interest
10/07/2023, 3:37 pm - +Smiley face: Just how many plastics or poly components constitute a car or an EV?
10/07/2023, 3:37 pm - +Ah Heng: air ya why u say also ......
10/07/2023, 3:37 pm - +Ah Heng: next time got what omv den coe + carbon tax + plastic tax
10/07/2023, 3:37 pm - +Smiley face: Sabo...
10/07/2023, 3:38 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
*Consequences of plastic bag charge*
1. Singapore is the most expensive Asian country and the 2nd most expensive Country in the World.
https://www.tatlerasia.com/power-purpose/wealth/singapore-most-expensive-asian-country-to-live-in
2. Imposing plastic bag charge is an easy low hanging fruit solution to curb single plastic bag use, but it means making Singapore cost of living more and more expensive as people need to buy reused bags, plastic waste bags - and these keep adding burden to the lower and middle income groups.
3. Levying plastic bag charges is effective in curbing people's habit of bagging their groceries. But it also prevent people from using plastic bags to bag their home refuse - solid and liquid waste leading to hygiene problem to the estate if people throw their waste down the rubbish chute without bagging their home refuse.
4. Also charging plastic bag impose additional burden to the household who are struggling with high inflation, high cost of living - that could trigger a political cost - by reinforcing the image of "pay and pay".
5. And people may refrain from impusle buying when visiting the supermarkets to pick up some items when they forget to bring their reused bags during unplanned supermarket visits.
6. People may also buy what is necessary instead of buying more when they see that the refuse bags they bring are not sufficient to bag all the items.
These will not have positive consumption impact for the supermarket - as consumption spendings drop - which have an impact on economic gdp - whereby domestic consumption is one important parameter of economic growth.
In fact I notice I tend to buy less in supermarket and my spendings in supermarket drop 10% to 20% as compared to previously when I can get free plastic bags to bag my purchase.
(Not that I advocate free unfettered use of plastic bags.
I will later address this).
7. Singapore could be heading into a recession come the later part of the year - and the reduction in consumption will not help to boost the GDP to fend off the recession as our manufacturing output and export drop quite drastically month after month.
https://asiatimes.com/2023/07/singapore-winning-on-inflation-losing-on-growth/
10/07/2023, 3:38 pm - +Smiley face: Unavoidable....ah Heng
10/07/2023, 3:38 pm - +Ah Heng: wait go see doctor also affected plastic bottle hahahahahaha
10/07/2023, 3:39 pm - +Smiley face: So how? Don't eat medicine....
10/07/2023, 3:40 pm - +Ah Heng: no bring ur own glass bottle
10/07/2023, 3:40 pm - +Ah Heng: hahahahahaha
10/07/2023, 3:40 pm - +Ah Heng: and bring your own bag
10/07/2023, 3:40 pm - +Ah Heng: and container for tablets
10/07/2023, 3:40 pm - +Ah Heng: whats the best way to be earth freindly
10/07/2023, 3:41 pm - +Ah Heng: anything to deal with plastics ask the chair country to issue a ban am sure the rest will follow
10/07/2023, 3:41 pm - +Frankie Wee: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/in-focus-singapore-recycling-sustainability-blue-bins-waste-1339091
10/07/2023, 3:42 pm - +Frankie Wee: This message was deleted
10/07/2023, 3:43 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 3:43 pm - +Frankie Wee: The absolute amount of non-domestic waste produced far outweighs the amount of waste produced by households. According to NEA statistics, 5.37 million tonnes of non-domestic waste was produced in 2019, compared to 1.87 million tonnes of domestic waste.
10/07/2023, 3:44 pm - +Frankie Wee: 2030 maybe more million tone waste
10/07/2023, 3:45 pm - +Rama: π³π€¦♂️π
10/07/2023, 3:49 pm - +Frankie Wee: π€π€π€Converting plastic to diesel
https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com/resources/converting-plastic-waste-fuel/
10/07/2023, 3:52 pm - +Ah Heng: instead of talking about plastic let's talk about this
10/07/2023, 3:52 pm - +Ah Heng: maynot happen in this channel life time
10/07/2023, 3:52 pm - +Rama: Which is!?
10/07/2023, 3:52 pm - +Ah Heng: but it will sure to hit us
10/07/2023, 3:52 pm - +Ah Heng: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/earth-observatory-of-singapore-to-harness-satellite-technology-to-study-land-sinking
10/07/2023, 3:53 pm - +Ah Heng: Measuring land-height levels can help determine land subsidence, which in Singapore is at a relatively low rate, at about 1mm/year on average. Sea-level rise relative to local land height provides an indication of how quickly coastal land gets submerged in the sea.
10/07/2023, 3:56 pm - +Frankie Wee: For global warming
10/07/2023, 3:56 pm - +Rama: Isn't the dykes around pulau taking supposed to help!?
10/07/2023, 4:00 pm - +REACH: π’ *Topic* π’
Since last Monday (3 July), supermarket operators with an annual turnover of more than S$100 million began charging at least 5 cents per disposable carrier bag.
π¬ *What are your views on the mandatory charge for disposable carrier bags? Do you think that this charge will help reduce the consumption of plastic bags? What has your experience been since the introduction of this disposable carrier bag charge last Monday?*
The disposable carrier bag charge was announced in March last year and aims to nudge customers towards the habit of bringing reusable bags where they can, reducing the need for disposables.
Addressing the media on the first day of the mandatory charge, Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment Amy Khor said: “We hope that this initiative, which will encourage the public to consider the number of disposable carrier bags that they take as well as encourage them to bring their own reusable bags, will result in a reduction in the use of disposable carrier bags in the long run.”
In preparation for the charge, supermarkets have been placing posters to remind customers to bring their own bags. Cold Storage, Fairprice and Giant also previously announced that they would be implementing an honour system for the charges of disposable carrier bags, allowing customers to scan the barcode for the bags themselves.
In addition, FairPrice also announced that 33 of their outlets would have bag racks where shoppers can donate reusable bags for other shoppers to take, helping to facilitate the transition to reusable bags.
However, several felt that the new charges would take some getting used to, citing the convenience and previously ingrained habit of using plastic bags. Many also highlighted the usefulness of using plastic bags to bag their trash.
ππ» https://str.sg/iUr2
ππ» https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/plastic-bag-charge-starts-jul-3-shoppers-habit-convenience-3602246
ππ» https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/disposable-carrier-bag-charge
10/07/2023, 4:00 pm - +Frankie Wee: Year 2060 to 2100 sea level rising
10/07/2023, 4:10 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Singaporeans are zombies. Like mother Russia training the people to accept anything hahaha
10/07/2023, 4:11 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Like the 99 year lease..it's inevitable
10/07/2023, 4:12 pm - +Rama: In the soil long before!
10/07/2023, 4:18 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
*Alternative to charging plastic bags - but effective measures to curb excessive plastic bag*
1. There is a more effective, compassionate and forward looking way to curb excessive plastic bag usage - as alternative to charging plastic bags.
2. The solution is "plastic carbon credit".
3. In fact, UN pounce on this suggestion and is conducting a widespread preliminary study on how plastic carbon credit can be used worldwide to curb the excessive used of single use plastic bags - instead of charging single used plastic bags or a blanket ban on plastic bag used.
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/discussion-to-use-plastic-credits-to-battle-plastic-pollution-still-in-preliminary-phase-mse
4. Kudos to my close friend and my wife that come out with the idea of "plastic carbon credit" :-
a. Use plastic carbon credit - 31 for 31 days - 1 plastic bag free for 1 plastic carbon credit.
b. Use mobile apps (like the CDC voucher) to keep track and deduct by supermarket when exchange for each plastic bag free.
c. Supermarket can make use of the current plastic bag dispensing machine to do so by scanning on the QR code.
(Note:- The 31 plastic carbon credit for refuse bags for 31 free plastic bags for refuse - is a simple solution for domestic used in supermarket.
It should not be taken as a solution for international exchange - as carbon credit exchange is a far more complex topic.
But the experimentation of plastic carbon credit used for supermarket - will serve our domestic needs for refuse bag used).it
5. The merits of "plastic carbon credit" are as follows :
_Economic front_
a. Many organisations including many Singapore enterprises are very keen to use "plastic carbon credit" to curb plastic usage. As the enterprise can make use of excess carbon credit to exchange for discount or bidding for tender or exchange the carbon credit in the International Exchange to make their products more competitive or tender bid more favorable in winning projects.
b. UN can use "plastic carbon credit" to regulate and reward Country, business, household, individuals to curb excessive use of single plastic bags and plastics.
_Domestic front_
a. The 31 plastic carbon credit bags to exchange for 31 free plastic bags for refuse used - will ease the burden of the lower and middle income group - as :-
i. the plastic bags price are already price in - into the supermarket purchase.
ii. can use the free plastic bags - 1 per day for bagging home refuse and ensure hygiene at home is not compromise.
b. It will still ensure people will do impulse buying at supermarket when they forget to bring reused bags - as free plastic bag is still available albeit restricted to a hard quota of 31.
Same thing, when insufficient reused bags are brought into the supermarket, the plastic carbon credit can be used to dispense free plasitc bags to bag additional groceries items
Hence consumpution is not restricted or reduce - and this have positive impact to the Economic output.
c. Lower and middle income groups will not be further burden of having to add to their high inflation and cost of living - and hence no negative political cost and will not invoke the feeling of "pay and pay".
d. And the plastic carbon credit are anchor on the "Great Heart" - involving 3 wholesome parameters :
i. Selfless (not personal interest - but the interest of Greater Good),
ii. Compassion (empathise with less affluent people impacted by high inflation and high cost of living).
iii. Wisdom (used wise, smart and intelligent solutions) - rather than foolhardy price hike to solve National problem.
The carbon credit have the positive impacts of :-
a. It will reduce plastic bags usage - because it is a hard quota - 31 plastic carbon credit - no excessive plastic bag wastage.
b. It will encourage plastic bags use to bag refuse waste and resolve the hygiene problem.
c. It will not impact and further fuel the current high inflation and cost of living.
But in fact has an economic multiplier effect - as carbon credit can be used by Government and Business and Household/Individuals to do International Exchange to boost business competitiveness and earnings.
d. It has positive political outcome instead of political cost - as it is not mindless charging of people but solutions with empathy and yet able to bring other positive outcomes.
10/07/2023, 4:21 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
People who need more than the 31 free plastic bags - will have to pay 5 cents per plastic bag.
Hence the hard quota of free 31 plastic carbon credits - more effective than charging every plastic bags and leave a bad taste.
The hard quota curb excess plastic bags usage. <This message was edited>
10/07/2023, 4:21 pm - +Rama: Hope the government can comment on this?
10/07/2023, 4:30 pm - +Timothy Low: Right now only the supermarket operators with more than S$100million turnover is charging for plastic bag. It will cultivate a good habit for grocery shoppers to bring recyclable bags for their grocery runs.
For those who thinks that this is the end of the world (no more FREE plastic bags to keep their trash), don't forget you can always do the following:
1) just buy 1 five-cent plastic bag from supermarket
2) go elsewhere to buy something and get free plastic bag
3) repurpose packaging from products and reuse as trash bags
I have seen how the supermarket aunties gives out plastic bags indiscriminately. So many were given that last time people just throw them away. Now this is a small step for us to do our part to reduce plastic bag use.
10/07/2023, 4:38 pm - +~L: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/16/health/ocean-plastic-study-scn/index.html
10/07/2023, 4:40 pm - +~L: Presumably still just burning and putting the pollution into the air?
10/07/2023, 4:55 pm - +Timothy Low: <Media omitted>
10/07/2023, 5:01 pm - +Liangwei: Organise NDP once every five years. It may be interesting to calculate total waste and how many plastic bags equivalent is saved.
10/07/2023, 5:03 pm - +Dan: Are we optimising the 3Rs? Sorting rubbish was taught in primary schools but the infrastructure of our recycling bins are not upgraded in tandem to our recycling efforts. I hope that the recycling bins were to be maintained and possibly improved to encourage recyclables disposal.
10/07/2023, 5:03 pm - +Rama: I doubt so!
10/07/2023, 5:06 pm - +Timothy Low: Just celebrate during Election year will do
10/07/2023, 5:08 pm - +Kenneth Lee WM: Here's another suggestion:
Everyone encouraged to use fountain pens instead of single use throw away pens.
Or taught how to replace the ink refills instead of throwing whole pen away and buying a new one.
10/07/2023, 5:09 pm - +Rama: Yes
10/07/2023, 5:12 pm - +Noraini: Here's another suggestion- start with the market. Tell the stationery company quota on pens
10/07/2023, 5:12 pm - +~L: Do people still use pens? π
10/07/2023, 5:13 pm - +Frankie Wee: E-Pen π
10/07/2023, 5:15 pm - +Kenneth Lee WM: ha ha, this person still does.
writing with a fountain pen on paper is quite therapeutic and helps with forgetfulness
10/07/2023, 5:16 pm - +Kenneth Lee WM: fountain pens do not need to be expensive. the Lamy patent has expired and there are quite a number of Lamy knock offs that can be ordered from China that costs $1-2 (with shipping) and writes excellently.
10/07/2023, 5:17 pm - +Frankie Wee: Old traditional fountain pen
10/07/2023, 5:17 pm - +Frankie Wee: Fill in ink
10/07/2023, 5:17 pm - +Dan: Flea market in Sungei Road has shifted to woodlands called Market Gaia Guni, its amazing to see how some of these old and spoilt items were being restored and sold at the flea market.
10/07/2023, 5:17 pm - +~L: Do they do a left handed version? π
10/07/2023, 5:23 pm - +Frankie Wee: Work hard and long hour plus OT make health short life
Work flexibility and short hours no OT make health pink and long life
Possible are we healthy can live in 2100 years π
10/07/2023, 5:24 pm - +Frankie Wee: Human has age number
AI has zero age and live thousands years
10/07/2023, 5:26 pm - +Frankie Wee: Why whole need plastic bags when there is full of earth π plastic it will hit billion of tones plastic and high acid water.
10/07/2023, 5:35 pm - +Andrea: Encourage people to separate wet and dry rubbish - most of our rubbish is dry and can be disposed in paper bags which are naturally biodegradable. Only a small amount requires plastic bags.
Also the problem with our current rubbish collection system is that everything is supposed to be bagged and sealed. Govt might need to rethink the system to encourage less plastic bag use?
10/07/2023, 5:36 pm - +Frankie Wee: There is new innovation called spaceship transportation collect earth rubbish sent to sun burned it
Earth is more green
10/07/2023, 5:37 pm - +Frankie Wee: π€£ it was just imagining
10/07/2023, 5:37 pm - +Rama: How established is this endeavour!? The cost too and feasibility?
10/07/2023, 5:38 pm - +Ah Heng: old school days hahahahaha
10/07/2023, 5:39 pm - +Ah Heng: den the cos of rubbish collection will go up sky high for us
10/07/2023, 5:39 pm - +Ah Heng: hahahahaha
10/07/2023, 5:49 pm - ☸️ Danny εΏ:
My close friend comments:-
I have started reducing use of plastic bags 10-15 years ago. Until now, I have kept my own little rules when and when not to use plastic bags. And if I do, the plastic bags become garbage bags for more tidy habits. One needs a resolve to make that change and that even includes planning!
When do I use plastic bags?
1 cook food
2 raw food like raw meats, fish and seafood
3 chemicals such as cleaning agents
I use reusable bags on planned shopping trips. And most of the time, I keep a folded usable bag with me in case of random purchase. And supplement with plastic bags if my reusable bags cannot hold all my purchases. I washed my reusable bags regularly. A check with like minded friends , a lady friend shared that she washes her reusable bags everyday!!!
So far, with this practice in place.
After repurposing those plastic bags for garbage, I still have some spare plastic bags at home.
If I were to tweak further, the saving is marginal for me.
10/07/2023, 6:00 pm - +REACH: π’ *Topic* π’
Since last Monday (3 July), supermarket operators with an annual turnover of more than S$100 million began charging at least 5 cents per disposable carrier bag.
π¬ *What are your views on the mandatory charge for disposable carrier bags? Do you think that this charge will help reduce the consumption of plastic bags? What has your experience been since the introduction of this disposable carrier bag charge last Monday?*
The disposable carrier bag charge was announced in March last year and aims to nudge customers towards the habit of bringing reusable bags where they can, reducing the need for disposables.
Addressing the media on the first day of the mandatory charge, Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment Amy Khor said: “We hope that this initiative, which will encourage the public to consider the number of disposable carrier bags that they take as well as encourage them to bring their own reusable bags, will result in a reduction in the use of disposable carrier bags in the long run.”
In preparation for the charge, supermarkets have been placing posters to remind customers to bring their own bags. Cold Storage, Fairprice and Giant also previously announced that they would be implementing an honour system for the charges of disposable carrier bags, allowing customers to scan the barcode for the bags themselves.
In addition, FairPrice also announced that 33 of their outlets would have bag racks where shoppers can donate reusable bags for other shoppers to take, helping to facilitate the transition to reusable bags.
However, several felt that the new charges would take some getting used to, citing the convenience and previously ingrained habit of using plastic bags. Many also highlighted the usefulness of using plastic bags to bag their trash.
ππ» https://str.sg/iUr2
ππ» https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/plastic-bag-charge-starts-jul-3-shoppers-habit-convenience-3602246
ππ» https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/disposable-carrier-bag-charge
10/07/2023, 6:48 pm - +REACH: *Dear Contributors,*
⏰ We will be closing the chat in *15 minutes* ⏰
Thank you very much for being part of our WhatsApp chat and participating actively.
Goodnight!
Megan π
10/07/2023, 6:56 pm - +Smiley face: https://www.unep.org/events/conference/second-session-intergovernmental-negotiating-committee-develop-international
10/07/2023, 6:57 pm - +Smiley face: https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships
10/07/2023, 6:58 pm - +Smiley face: 10 July, 2023
"Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and Chlorine."
"The water in the river flows so the toxic materials go along the meandering water into the ocean and reversely flows back into the river,...it is Harmonic!"
- - anonymity
The concept of harmonic progression and harmonic mean has wide applications in math, physics, business, and other areas such as recycling and so..
The harmonic progression is formed by taking the reciprocal of the terms of the arithmetic progression. If the given terms of the arithmetic progression are a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, ...., then the terms of the harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) are 1/a, 1/(a + d), 1/(a + 2d), 1/(a + 3d), 1/(a + 4d),...... Here a is the first term and d is a common difference. Both a and d have Non-Zero values.
How can one take on a deeper meaning of the Periodic table and start reexamining each element, a group and up to three elements?
The harmonic progression is infinite! The opposite is distortion!
Harmonic?
In a case of a harmonic progression, the means to the ending, that is to synthesize the previous habits of using plastic as an extension of conveniences that were embedded into billions of times, over and over, again and again; how to transit and transform into several new ways of lessening the dependant on plastics as a tool for our daily livings and comforts? It's not simple to eliminate.
So the next stage of elimination is to wind away all non-essentials use and relook at how businesses, fast moving consumers' products and food manufacturers are able to transform their existing ways of packaging using plastics or papers into a new material whereby it is not only recyclable but bio-degradable too! Let's start deep dive into the known periodic table!
Containment?
What known materials are both recyclable and bio-degradable? One fact is to avoid or use less "petroleum based" materials because all of these items will create carbon once disused or reprocessed and broken down into the thinnest molecules,. that's carbon chain and thereafter many unfavorable reactions to our mother Earth!
Afterwords:
How to wind-off this 'pacifier'?
The old days of analog cassette, record, CD, DVD are all gone!
In the case of mobile phone packaging, perhaps, the manufacturers should do away with the box, the instruction papers and other smaller packagings inside this box!
A new way can be as simple as a "Papyrus based fiber" material to contain these new mobile devices.
So who are the big players? (一倧, δΈε°)
Two big and three smaller ones that is Apple and Samsung follows by Oppo, Mi and Vivo.
The global Policymakers should suggest to these five manufacturers, an innovative way of packing these devices. It will reduce the carbon footprint from the "axed box" to the shipping of these items, less bunky and more phones could be packed into a big carton box.
Can this simplified idea of packaging be replicated to edibles food and consumers' goods?
Social responsibilities?
The makers, the consumers and the sellers.
How about the dimensions of mobile devices, are there needs to standardize these sizes across manufactures to quantify the amount used of plastics allowed in a mobile device? The responsible use of mobile devices from computer, laptop to handphone, perhaps consumers can extend the utility to more than two years or longer if it still working well. Will Telco also promote such social responsibility to allow only every two years for the purchase of new handphone or iPad? What is a sustainable consumption that is measurable and predictable? Let the harmonic progression begins...
https://www.unep.org/events/conference/second-session-intergovernmental-negotiating-committee-develop-international
https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships
- - in progress - -
10/07/2023, 6:59 pm - +REACH: *Dear Contributors,*
We will be closing the chat for today.
Thank you very much for being part of our WhatsApp chat and participating actively.
Goodnight!
Megan π
10/07/2023, 7:00 pm - ~ REACH Singapore changed this group's settings to allow only admins to send messages to this group
=====
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