REACH 574 - What are your views on the Shangri-La Dialogue and its impact on regional security and diplomatic relations?

(SK)

03 Jun 2024 (10am - 7pm)

REACH

3/6/24, 10:08 am - +REACH: *Dear Contributors,*

Welcome back! 😊

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Megan 😊

3/6/24, 10:10 am - +REACH: 📢 *Topic* 📢

The yardstick for measuring the success of security forums like the Shangri-La Dialogue should be whether real issues have been brought up and discussed, said Singapore’s Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen.

In his eyes, the dialogue, which ran from May 31 to June 2, has been a success.

💬 *What are your views on the Shangri-La Dialogue and its impact on regional security and diplomatic relations?*

Dr Ng, on the morning of June 2, spoke at the seventh plenary session of the dialogue, where he expressed appreciation to the participants for attending the event, and for their willingness to engage, listen, and sometimes do verbal combat.

He also spoke to reporters on the afternoon of the event’s final day, and noted that such forums are not the same as bilateral or multilateral negotiations, where more concrete outcomes are sought. “That would be a very high bar,” he said.

Instead, the defence and security professionals who participated in the 2024 Shangri-La Dialogue would have come away with a deeper feel of the thorny issues.

Example of the issues discussed:

📌 _*China’s stance on Taiwan*_

China’s Defence Minister Dong Jun making clear his country’s stance on Taiwan in his plenary on June 2.

📌 _*Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr’s keynote speech*_

Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr warning of repercussions in the event of Filipino deaths in the South China Sea.

Dr Ng said that the increasing popularity of the Shangri-La Dialogue was a good outcome, with an increasing number of countries seeking opportunities for their leaders and defence officials to speak at the event.

👉 https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-s-success-comes-from-not-skirting-issues-ng-eng-hen

3/6/24, 10:12 am - ~ REACH Singapore changed this group's settings to allow all members to send messages to this group

3/6/24, 10:12 am - ~ REACH Singapore changed the group description

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3/6/24, 12:07 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The Stature of Shangri-La?

Again, the Shangri-La Dialogue has established itself as a vital platform for promoting regional security and stability in the Indo-Pacific. Through its inclusive and collaborative approach, the Dialogue has fostered a culture of cooperation and trust among nations, addressing a wide range of security challenges. As the region continues to evolve, the Shangri-La Dialogue will remain essential in shaping the future security landscape, promoting economic benefits, and reducing tensions. By adapting to emerging challenges and innovating its approach, the Dialogue will continue to play a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. Be nicer to each other, or become nastier, and the rest shall follow suit; the choice is ours, and the future of the Indo-Pacific region depends on it.

3/6/24, 12:29 pm - +SL: Just a question is the SL: D really help in promoting stability?

3/6/24, 12:32 pm - +Frankie Wee: It’s already settled peace but not involved us over issue Taiwan.

3/6/24, 12:47 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Good conversations foster connections! I appreciate Marcos' encouragement for ASEAN to stand as equals with superpowers, promoting a harmonious Asia Pacific where nations thrive together, rather than being pawns in geopolitical games

3/6/24, 1:07 pm - +~l or Smiley face: From the past Asia Pacific into the new Indo-Pacific region stands at a critical juncture, where geopolitical rivalries, technological disruptions, and economic integration are reshaping its future. As the region navigates these challenges, it must prioritise cooperation, innovation, and sustainable development to ensure a prosperous future for all. By working together, nations can harness the region's vast potential, address pressing security challenges, and create a brighter future for generations to come. The Indo-Pacific region's future is not predetermined - it is what its nations make of it. Let us seize this momentum to build a region that is peaceful, prosperous, and inclusive for all. And being nice is the key to future successes !

3/6/24, 1:11 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "war of words better than  wars"

This SL: D is one stage to air out the heat and hopefully cool things....so it's relevant and as always timely to hold it in the middle of each year !

A check and balance meeting point for many nations? Or thumb's down?

3/6/24, 1:13 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Insights into the Future?

As the Indo-Pacific region continues to evolve, the Shangri-La Dialogue will remain a crucial platform for addressing emerging security challenges. This analysis suggests that the future security landscape will be shaped by Great Power Rivalry, Regional Fragmentation, Maritime Security, Digital Security, Non-Traditional Threats, Multipolar Architecture, Hybrid Warfare, and Technological Innovation. In this context, the Shangri-La Dialogue will need to adapt and innovate to address these challenges, fostering a culture of cooperation and building trust among nations.

Hands up or thumb's down?

3/6/24, 1:14 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Overdrives:

The Indo-Pacific region stands at a critical juncture, with geopolitical rivalries, technological disruptions, and economic integration shaping its future. By 2030, the region will be home to over 3.5 billion people, with a combined GDP of $29 trillion, making it a significant driver of global growth.

3/6/24, 1:17 pm - +SL: Just curious about an example of what has been shared by keynotes in this SL: d24. What will be the outcome anticipated before SL: d25?

3/6/24, 1:29 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Hi SL: ....

Chances of Future Conflicts?

The chances of future miscalculated conflicts, trade confrontations, or even a mini war in the Indo-Pacific region cannot be ruled out entirely. The ongoing competition between major world powers, territorial disputes, and rising nationalism in the region create an complex environment. Risk factors include miscalculation, escalation, gray zone tactics, trade tensions, territorial disputes, military modernization, and Great Power rivalries. While these risks exist, many nations in the region are committed to peaceful resolution of disputes and are engaged in various diplomatic efforts to reduce tensions.

Ok, assuming the Ukraine war will close by September or October (just before  the game of electing the next POTUS). Biden has hinted on the cease fire....

"Doctrine of Warfares: closed one and opens a new one...!"

2025, ....SCS ?!

3/6/24, 1:29 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Like they say it should not be an aspiration but need to make it a reality for our citizens

3/6/24, 1:31 pm - +Jimmy Chew: China does it for its people's survival forgetting that we're in a global village and we need to take care of all

3/6/24, 1:32 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "Taiwan's Economic Rise & Risks: Innovation, Resilience, and a New Alliance"

"PROC and ROC: The first is poised, perspective-driven, and purposeful, while the second is reserved, resilience, and re-emerging."

-- anonymity

Taiwan's economic development has been shaped by various factors, including its colonial past, strategic location, and innovative spirit. Japan, which colonised Taiwan from 1895 to 1945, contributed significantly to Taiwan's technological and industrial development during the early years. Japan introduced modern infrastructure, industrialisation, education and training, technology transfer, and institutional development, laying the foundation for Taiwan's future economic growth.

3/6/24, 1:32 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "Singapore and Taiwan: Forging a Strategic Alliance in AI Development"

"The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is transforming industries and economies worldwide. As Asia's leading innovation hubs, Singapore and Taiwan are poised to capitalise on this trend. This report examines the potential for a strategic alliance in AI development between Singapore and Taiwan, leveraging their complementary strengths and expertise. By pooling their resources and knowledge, these two nations can drive innovation, foster economic growth, and enhance their global competitiveness in the AI landscape."

-- anonymity

3/6/24, 1:33 pm - +Yilin: Shangri-la dialogue could includes boardgames of cooperation and mutual meditation exercises.

3/6/24, 1:34 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "China: A Model for Sustainable Development and Global Leadership for Tomorrow's World"

Yes & Tom?

When we look at China's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, it's clear that the country is poised to play a leadership role in shaping a more equitable and sustainable world. With its economic growth driven by innovation and inclusivity, China is on track to reach a GDP of $35 trillion by 2030, surpassing the United States as the world's largest economy (IMF). This growth is not just about economic might; it's about creating a better future for its citizens and the planet. China's commitment to sustainable development is evident in its investments in renewable energy, green technologies, and eco-friendly infrastructure. By prioritising sustainability, China is reducing its carbon footprint, promoting eco-friendly practices, and creating a more livable environment for its citizens. As Winston Churchill once said, "When the outlook is bleak, bring on the optimists." China's rise is a beacon of hope for a sustainable future, and its commitment to innovation and inclusivity is an inspiration to us all.

3/6/24, 1:34 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Yes, yes and more yes!

3/6/24, 1:35 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Yeah as long as they keep to the rule based order hahahaha

3/6/24, 1:35 pm - +~l or Smiley face: 3 June, 2024

The Shangri-La Dialogue: A Cornerstone of Regional Security

"Be nicer to each other, or become nastier, and the rest shall follow suit; the choice is ours, and the future of the Indo-Pacific region depends on it."

-- anonymity 

History and Evolution:

Established in 2002, the Dialogue initially focused on non-traditional security issues, later expanding to address traditional security concerns. This strategic evolution has enabled the Dialogue to stay ahead of emerging threats and opportunities, making it a trusted forum for promoting regional security and stability.

Singapore Roles?

Singapore has played a vital role in the Shangri-La Dialogue since its inception, hosting the event annually. Singapore's strategic location, diplomatic expertise, and commitment to regional security have made it an ideal partner for the Dialogue. Singapore has also used the Dialogue to promote its own security initiatives, such as the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus).

Data Analytics and Facts?

1) 40+ countries participate in the Dialogue

2) 20+ years of consecutive meetings

3) 50+ initiatives and agreements implemented

4) 90% of participants rate the Dialogue as "effective" or "very effective"

3/6/24, 1:37 pm - +Jimmy Chew: Only effective if they follow the rules. HDB has rules about noise if neighbors don't follow - headache got to call the police

3/6/24, 2:31 pm - +REACH: *Dear Contributors*

We want to *HEAR MORE* from you! 

💬 *What are your views on the Shangri-La Dialogue and its impact on regional security and diplomatic relations?*

We have had good feedback from this group, and we hope that we can keep the discussion robust and active!

Megan 😊

3/6/24, 2:49 pm - +~l or Smiley face: ASEAN Roles?

ASEAN has been a key partner in the Shangri-La Dialogue, with many of its member states participating actively in the discussions. The Dialogue has provided a platform for ASEAN to promote its regional security agenda, including the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). ASEAN's engagement with the Dialogue has also enhanced its credibility as a regional security actor.

3/6/24, 2:49 pm - ☸️  Danny 心: 

1. 1stly, Singapore is just a little red dot. But yet able to play an outsize role in global security dialogue - that attract not only defense ministers from SuperPowers, but also large size Countries all over the World to come to Singapore to present their views and standpoints, discuss and debate on security issues that confront them.

2. Singapore is a neutral ground in Asia Pacific (another ground for conflict) - with principles of "Friends with All, Enemies with None" - whereby participants will feel that Shangrila platform is not biased for or against any powers - and hence will feel comfortable to bring their issues across and listen to other stakeholders points of view.

The face-to-face discussion, meetings and interactions - will make every stakeholders understand the sentiments - instead of relying on media megaphone to project their interests and viewpoints - that can result in miscommunication, mistrust and take more confrontation and aggressive stance and move - to the point of no return.

3, Singapore role is akin to Switzerland neutral role form after World War 2 - to foster security dialogues to prevent confrontation and conflict from breaking out.

4. With so many heavyweights personality descending into Singapore to hold such important exisential talks and events - it means that Singapore is a respectable and an unbiased fair Country that are valued by Leaders all over the World. 

This will make Singapore an important place and bolster Singapore security implicitly - as no Countries will want to harass Singapore - as Singapore is a lighthouse to promote peace, security and prosperity --- all very positive values and very good karma (一块福地).

5. Implicitly, it also reflect the qualities of our Leadership in the Global stage - be it our political Leadeers, our civil service - to be able to stage, manage such an important events with so complex self-national-interest, complex sovereignty issues and so many confrontation that have unfold.

6. So I feel the ShangriLa Security Dialogue - is a very high profile and good events - that will help to foster important dialogue and interactions among stakeholders - and could prevent, delay or promote greater understanding - and could have a more positive effects in helping to cool tension and prevent eruption of big wars.

3/6/24, 3:14 pm - ☸️  Danny 心: 

1. Having say so, scanning the horizon of 2 major wars and 1 tension that is building up in Asia Pacific that impact the Globe security, economy and safety - what will be the outcome going forward?

*Gaza war*

a. Gaza strip war is a limited small size area conflict - a conventional army against a tunnel gureilla war - whereby one firepower overrawed a lightly armed gureilla militants relying on tunnels, hostages and civilians to combat an outsize fully mordenized army.

b. Though the conflict area is small, the side effects to the World are enormous - as it has religious and racial proposition - that impact the followers of Abrahamic religions - specifically Judaism, ISL: am and Christianity. And the conflict areas are "holy places" - that are contested by the 3 religious denominations.

Hence the reactions all over the World with the 3 religious denomination to the Gaza war - is emotionally charged.

Gaza war must be handled delicately, sensitively - to prevent it from spilling over into a larger regional war - Middle East war (which showing signs of it such as the Houthis firing of missiles in Gulf of Aden, Red Sea - that have impact sea trade route, Lebanon Hezbollah missile strike in north Israel, Iran cross border missile strike into Israel etc).

Also global countries demonstration - and lone-wolf - some supporting Palestinians, other supporting Israel.

Things can go out of hands if the sentiments of "religious and racial hatred" are not properly managed.

c. However, I feel that the war will not last very long - as resources are limited and will dry up for the militants, people are starving, global pressure, domestic pressure - are becoming unbearable.

In addition, US Biden's role in reining in Israel and Hamas on both sides - and the Ceasefire deal that Biden is pushing ---- could eventually lead to a more lasting peace.

Finally, the 2-State solutions - that ensure Israel right to existence, and Paletinians right to existence --- look like is the only way to bring a more permanent and lasting peace.

3/6/24, 3:35 pm - +~l or Smiley face: In the heart of Singapore, the Shangri-La Dialogue has been a beacon of hope for global security cooperation since 2002. As the premier forum for security discussions in the Asia-Pacific region, it has brought together defence ministers and military chiefs from around the world. However, beneath the surface of diplomatic smiles and handshakes lies a complex web of power dynamics, interests, and challenges.

The dialogue's success is largely attributed to Singapore's neutrality and diplomatic prowess. However, this neutrality is not without its limitations. The influence of major powers can shape the agenda, potentially marginalising smaller nations' concerns. For instance, the United States and China have significant sway over the dialogue's proceedings, which can lead to a focus on their own interests rather than collective security.

Despite this challenge, the Shangri-La Dialogue has facilitated crucial discussions and trust-building among nations. To further enhance its impact, it is essential to ensure diverse representation, including smaller nations and non-state actors. The absence of non-state actors and limited representation from civil society hinders comprehensive solutions. By incorporating diverse perspectives, the dialogue can better address the complex security issues facing the region.

The dialogue must adopt a comprehensive approach, addressing the interconnected nature of security issues such as terrorism, cybersecurity, and economic cooperation. This can be achieved by incorporating experts from various fields into the discussion. The ASEAN-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) offer valuable lessons in fostering cooperation.

The Shangri-La Dialogue is a valuable platform for global security cooperation, but its effectiveness depends on acknowledging and addressing the complexities and challenges inherent in such initiatives. By fostering a more inclusive and comprehensive approach, we can harness the dialogue's potential to promote regional and global peace and security. As the Asia-Pacific region continues to evolve, the Shangri-La Dialogue must adapt to meet the emerging challenges, ensuring a safer and more secure world for generations to come.

3/6/24, 3:47 pm - ☸️  Danny 心: 

*Ukraine War*

1. Ukraine War is something more unpredictable. As both sides have enormous resources and potential to drag out the war. It can last pretty long or it can be shorten - if political diplomacy play the right cards that both sides can accept.

2. The motive that drive the Ukraine war are many fold and very complex, which I feel could be due to the following reasons:-

a. Russia feel that USSR breakup - is a sore historical pain - and blame it on the West for orchestrating it. And many of its past allies are leaving Russia influence and more are falling over to EU and NATO - due to EU more vibrant, free, more developed, sophisticated and richer economies for growth and prosperity as oppose to Russia raw resources driven economy.

b. Russia feel that their sphere of influence is shrinking - and is bent on stopping to trend - even to the point of waging covert and overt war - to bring their past allies and neighbouring Countries into its embrace of influence.

This become unsettling, as instead of promoting peace, conflict, confrontation, unrest and eventually war are the outcome.

c. Because of Russia size of economy - $2.24 trillion, a relatively large defense manufacturing base and a large mordernized and the biggest nuclear army - Russia aggression is a major concern to the Globe - as Russia can sustain multiple wars.

With close economic relationship with China, Russia economy and financial system will not suffer greatly and can keep the aggression going - if Ukraine is defeated, another neighboring countries will be the next target.

d. Some EU countries already size up the imminent threat they are facing - and they are determined not to let Ukraine be defeated, else they will be the next (especially those Eastern EU countries that have in the past - Russia ex-allies turn NATO).

Some are supplying weapons to Ukraine are allow their weapons to strike into Russia territories if troop are concentrated to attack Ukraine.

Some EU countries are even willing to commit troops into Ukraine if Ukraine are losing the war including France that have expresSL: y say so. UK is also an active proponents of more NATO involvement not to let Ukraine lose the war.

e. Russia explicitly say that they may use tactical nuclear weapons to strike Ukraine if NATO forces are involved and could even strike NATO directly. While NATO say NATO could strike all Russia targets in Ukraine if tactical nuclear weapons are involved.

f. Hence, I feel that Ukraine war --- is a more dangerous, more impactful to the World, and could escalate into a nuclear war or Europe-Russia war --- as safeguard are notably absent to prevent further escalation.

g. Though China and India do play a consequential roles in the early part of the war when Russia is quickly beaten back by Ukraine forces with Western-supplied weapons - and is on the verge of using tactical nuclear weapons.

With US supplying real imminent nuclear threat, both President Xi and Modi - explicit voice objection to Russia usage of tactical nuclear weapons and manage to stop it.

h. But this coming round, not sure how Ukraine war will evolve as Russia is gaining ground - but military aids such as F16 fighters, modified anti-EW jamming weapons are getting into Ukraine, more artillery shells are being supplied into Ukraine.

i. Both sides express the desire to talk of ceasefire on their own terms:

Russia - want all the seize territories to be frozen and be part of Russia.

Ukraine (with West support) - want all Russia forces to move out of seize territories including Crimea.

j. Both positions are unacceptable to either sides - and could result in a deadlock.

k. However, I feel that a compromise can be reached - if both sides are willing to each take one step back :-

i. Establish a DMZ on all the seize territories (with a lapse time-frame for future negotiation eg. 5 years) - after 5 years, if more trust is established - consider joint economic development.

ii. Russia withdraw from the seize territories (as they want a buffer zone with Ukraine) - a DMZ is a good buffer zone - no lost in face.

iii. Ukraine will not sent troops into the DMZ for 5 years - and then re-negotiate when the 5 years lapse.

Only such compromise deals ---- could have end the current, potential escalatory scenario - that can easily go out of control.

3/6/24, 4:00 pm - +REACH: 📢 *Topic* 📢

3/6/24, 4:29 pm - +Yilin: It is the world suffering on the basis of one man. Put-in .

3/6/24, 4:30 pm - ☸️  Danny 心: 

Every one has a soft point.

It is how to approach it in a manner that prevent him from doing the worst.

3/6/24, 4:31 pm - +Yilin: The Shangri-la dialogue is hugely successful due to Singapore's unique incorruptible government, equality, prosperity and commitment to peace. Whoever loves Singapore,  loves the world!

3/6/24, 4:44 pm - ☸️  Danny 心: 

*Taiwan and South China Sea*

1. Taiwan and South China Sea --- is particularly a big concern for us and Countries around the region.

And Asia Pacific is a growing, vibrant Economic powerhouse - that form one of the biggest Global Economic pie.

Any conflict happens in Asia Pacific - will impact Global Economy adversely and Singapore (including many Countries) - will suffer economically and financially --- it is no joke ---- our future, our jobs, our business, our Economy ---- can kiss goodbye..

2. Hence we must steadfastly not let any regional war break out in Asia Pacific - right behind our backyard.

3. Sizing up the propensity for war - will it happen to Taiwan? to South-China Sea - with Philippines, and other stakeholders?

We will have to analyse the psyche of China political and military leadership and the support of China citizens.

a. 1stly, analysing Chinese psyche towards conflict, confrontation, war.

Chinese, particularly modern Chinese by default in culture are not one that will want to raise confrontation and start a fight.

Looking at the Chinese society, mainly influence by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, they are less likely to confront and raise the prospect to fight or worst enter into a war --- which according to China art of war philisophy 孙子兵法 is a 下下策。

According to the Art of War, war is only wage at the last resort without other options.

Other non-kinetic actions are preferred even though they may have sufficient arm power to win a war ---- but every war have consequences that are unbearable - in terms of killings of human lives, destruction, economic damages, relationship with the world etc.

Hence, I feel that China will not easily commit to armed forces conflict.

This is also based on observation with recent events :-

i. China and India troops in the Himalayas - both sides soldier won't dispense fire arms even though skirmishes erupted - only relying on fist fight, throw stones and spike sticks - and they are carrying fire arms with them --- but unfortunately result in some death and injuries - but the fight is limited, and contained - and not escalated -- both sides exercising restraint.

ii. HongKong has gone back to China - and the riots that kill and injured policeman, storm LegiSL: ative Chambers, causing business to shutdown, openly flying foreign flags, booing China anthem and other actions --- that are a SL: ap in China Leaders face, very embarassing events that are beam to the World.

Any Countries leaders will have already committed troops into the territory and use force to quash the rebellion.

Notice that a battalion PRC unit is inside HongKong - and some rioters openly harass the PRC unit armed guards that are guarding the army camps - even using laser lights, throw petrol bombs etc.

But PRC troops 按兵不动。

In fact, the troops are organised to bring brooms, pails and activated to clean up places that are destroyed and damage by the rioters.

It dawn on me that the current China Leaders are ambitious - but they have alot of wisdom and are not rash - even though they have a mighty military behind them - and can easily quash the riot like pinching an ant.

Eventually, when covid comes, as HK people are restricted movement and kept at home, with a lightning move - by implementing a Security Law, the territory wide rebellion are quash and contain with no loss of blood and violence - and rebellion leaders are arrested and put on trial - while Economy and business can resume business.

This is a hallmark of a deft and skilfull application of 孙子兵法 at its highest form - 不发一兵一卒， 全盘皆胜。(No firing of a single bullet, and win the war).

iii. Likewise in South China Sea skirmishes with Philippines coast guard - China navy ships resort to using more ships to block or dispense water cannon - instead of firing weapons across the bow, or directly ramping the ships to sink it or other more aggressive moves - demonstrate that China is restraining use of lethal forces --- that will have uncontrolled and unimaginable consequences.

iv. Taiwan is the biggest sore toes for China - because of historical baggages - whereby PRC is form because of civil war with Kuomintang army in Taiwan.

China insisting on reunification with Taiwan - is non-negotiable 志在必行。

The crux is, will China resort to military force?

Notice that PRC has fought war with Taiwan army during the civil war and PRC formation is due to the civil war.

Hence, the possibillity of China commit forces on Taiwan is possible but not eventual.

- China is not willing to kill their comrades 同胞。unless they have no other options.

- China has many options at hand without resorting to military invasion - because China knows that the moment they commit to war --- they will lose too many things that they are enjoying now --- eg. economy clout and growth, their citizens livelihood, relationship among the world countries, loss of human lives - soldiers, civilians, destruction --- many unimaginable consequences --- that they may not want to lise.

- China don't need to use kinetic forces to eventually reunified Taiwan - as they are now deploying grey-zone strategies by squeezing Taiwan out of diplomatic spaces, air spaces, sea spaces, economic spaces, tourism spaces, trade spaces etc. And if Taiwan break China constitution by declaring independence, or tie up with foreign forces or other means that China cannot tolerate, China can just surround and block Taiwan - until Taiwan give up.

- Of course, if China can reunify with Taiwan by peaceful means like Haiwaii willingly join US as a state, or Baltic join NATIO by the own freewill will be the best possible scenario.

For eg. China can accept a democratic Taiwan and determine its own government and its rule of governance. Taiwan want to join China willingly and benefit from China's economy and protection as hinterland etc....    But this is a long stretch --- and I could not see this even in the far horizon.

Hence, my assessment, what happen in Asia Pacific --- has a dire consequences on us - and the impact is direct, immediate and very consequential to our well being.

Hope that the region respond positively and hopefully China will not commit to war --- whatever the circumstances are.

Because China has many options - and no need to resort to war.

My long term hope is that, hopefully one day China will become more and more benevolent SuperPowers that are respected by Countries in this region and all over the world ---- working toward "Mutual Benefits and Win-Win outcome" ---- that follow the ethos of genuine heartfelt friendly Nation -- benefitting self and others with softpower and a role model for other Countrie to emulate.

3/6/24, 4:49 pm - +Yilin: The final solution: escape earth https://youtu.be/svAn-qDZP9A?feature=shared

3/6/24, 4:58 pm - +~l or Smiley face: As Nelson Mandela said, "The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." China's rise is not a zero-sum game; it's an opportunity for global cooperation, mutual learning, and collective progress. Let's tap into innovation, inclusivity, and global cooperation to create a world where everyone can thrive. Not just China, but the entire world of tomorrow, can rise above today's challenges and shine with hope. By working together, we can create a brighter future for all. We can create a world that is more equitable, sustainable, and just.

3/6/24, 4:59 pm - +Yilin: There is mutiple galaxies, infinite worlds. I suggest news starts emphasising that we have limitless choices!

3/6/24, 5:00 pm - +Yilin: Put-in is a disaster, he has a 70 million nuclear bunker. Unfortunately as in many movies which emphasises, whole world destroyed n only 1 man left.

3/6/24, 5:03 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Great insight!

He said....said him....

70m N-Bunker!  Perhaps he will be the biggest loser? Who is he?

3/6/24, 5:04 pm - +~l or Smiley face: China is promoting peace, stability, and prosperity for all. As Wang Yi said, "When the United States and China cooperate, the world benefits. When we compete, the world suffers."...

3/6/24, 5:05 pm - +SL: 2050?

3/6/24, 5:05 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "As Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai once said, "The Silk Road is a symbol of the friendship and exchange between the Chinese and foreign peoples."

-- anonymity

3/6/24, 5:07 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Hello SL: ....

Ok, let's ride the time machine to 2051.... Why so, you will get all the unknowns and knowingly known!

Let's crank the machine.... cheers!

3/6/24, 5:07 pm - +SL: Hi ~I 🙏

3/6/24, 5:08 pm - +SL: I think what we encounter now should pass, @50 or before that.

3/6/24, 5:08 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The worse have yet to be seen and felt!

3/6/24, 5:08 pm - +~l or Smiley face: As the narrative of global trade comes full circle, it is a mighty river, flowing through the landscape of human history, shaping civilisations and economies in its wake. Yet, its currents also conceal hidden depths of inequality, environmental degradation, and geopolitical tensions. As we navigate the complexities of this ever-changing river, may we draw inspiration from the wisdom of the ancient mariners, who charted its courses, braved its rapids, and discovered new shores of possibility. For in the end, it is not merely trade that unites us, but our shared humanity, our quest for a better world, and our determination to forge a future that is more just, more sustainable, and more radiant with possibility, where all nations and peoples can sail together towards a brighter horizon. Its all about people and survival! As Zhou Enlai astutely observed, "International trade is a two-edged sword; it can be a powerful instrument of economic development, but it can also be a destructive force if not managed properly."

3/6/24, 5:10 pm - +SL: It depends on the definition of worse… we may see 🎆, eat🍿🤷‍♂️

3/6/24, 5:11 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Let's define and further refine it....

"Squeezing others out of everything tangibles and thereafter multiple intangibles will face the test of time...."

3/6/24, 5:12 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "If we could turn back time... In 1776, two nations embarked on separate journeys that would shape the course of history. The United States declared its independence from Britain, while China's Qing dynasty continued its imperial reign. Over the next two centuries, the US grew into a global superpower, championing democracy and free markets, while China underwent a series of transformations, from imperial dynasty to communist revolution, and finally, to a rising global power. Perhaps, looking back, we can appreciate diplomacy at its finest: Henry Kissinger and Zhou Enlai bridged the divide. Yet, the Cold War began, and today's world is marked by great distrust and a fine line of trusting each other. But let's start anew... What if the future of humanity depends on a single decision we make today? Let a new history begin!"

-- anonymity

Preamble.....

3/6/24, 5:14 pm - +~l or Smiley face: SG will be Okie!

Better still....a bit of this and that falling into our basket of benefits..... hope you get it....SL: ...

3/6/24, 5:15 pm - +SL: Harmonization and balance in nature are the best ways for civilization; squeezing is not the correct action in the river of history. Times will be the master recorders.

3/6/24, 5:16 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Likewise, anonymity believes in moderation and Mid paths.....however, worldly affairs not so, it's extreme!

3/6/24, 5:16 pm - +Yilin: Many parts of world 🌎 is currently walking on hands.🤸‍♂️

3/6/24, 5:17 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Got you! Yes!

3/6/24, 5:17 pm - +SL: 👌, eat 🍿

3/6/24, 5:17 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The US and China have fundamentally different political, social, and economic systems, shaped by their unique histories and cultural values. While they have made significant contributions to global progress, their differences have also led to tensions and disputes. However, in the face of unprecedented global challenges, it is crucial that they put aside their differences and work together towards a sustainable future.

The current tensions between the US and China have led to a global competition, with both nations vying for influence and power. This competition has resulted in a trade war, with tariffs imposed on billions of dollars' worth of goods. The trade war has had a significant impact on the global economy, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimating a loss of $700 billion in 2020 alone (IMF, 2022). Furthermore, the trade war has also led to a decline in foreign investment, with a 20% decrease in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in 2020 (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD, 2022). In addition to the economic costs, the tensions between the US and China have also led to a decline in global cooperation. The US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and the Iran Nuclear Deal has undermined global efforts to address climate change and promote peace. China's actions in the South China Sea have also raised concerns about its intentions and commitment to international law. Despite these challenges, there are reasons to be optimistic about the future of US-China relations. Both nations have a strong interest in promoting global stability and prosperity, and there are many areas where they can cooperate, such as trade, security, and climate change. The US and China have a long history of cooperation, from the Shanghai Communiqué in 1972 to the Paris Agreement in 2015.

3/6/24, 5:19 pm - +Yilin: Just pray the leaders have courage and foresight. First pillar of sg was incorruptibility, but few leaders know completely what this means. 🤔

3/6/24, 5:20 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "Long ago, Longer Tomorrow "

Malaysia and Philippines relations? What is the single true agenda?

In 1961, then President Ferdinand Marcos succeeded in the confiscation of a string of iSL: ands off the Palawan's. (Thomas Cloma vs Philippines) These iSL: ands eventually became the crown asset to then and now known as Petron, a petroleum company that began explorations jointly with Exxon to supplement its domestic needs of oil (10% cap from 1960s into 1980s). Today, Petron production capacity has reached over 20% of its domestic needs for oil consumption.

For Malaysia, the game of oil did not start sooner than the Philippines and the Vietnamese. Today, its oil & gas production in the South China sea tallied well over 110 oil rigs, which is today PETRONAS.

For Vietnamese, their history of oil explorations began around the same timeline as the Philippines did. Both were involved in a game of cat and mice and occasional wars in the sea; from the 1960s into the eventual victory of the post Vietnam war! 

A long game: China and the USSR then and later on came the US, for more than 60 years, as soon as Japan receded the rights to the two big cluster of iSL: ands, the Philippines immediately acted on it and seized the golden opportunities of occupied the string of iSL: ands off Palawans. In war, when a country lost, this country would faced the ultimate consequences of economics penalties and humiliations. And Japan has shown that in this case the renounced of the ISL: ands. China has exerted it's territory claim of then 11 dash line drawn during Mao's time (now is 9 dash line). It also "sponsored" the Vietnamese to occupied strategic oil fields and fisheries in the middle of the South China sea against the Philippines. Today , it is famouSL: y known as the Spratly and the Parasol chain of iSL: ands. 

Not a latest news but all along this game of "yours and mine and all are mine" still in play, today!

Today, Vietnam has joined with the TOTAL of France to continue the business of oil & gas. So what are the short term impacts of the frequent black outs in Vietnam given it's an oil producing nation? Why?

Why the incoming FDI is feeling the heat of shortages of energy; the sole existential threat is electricity supply to drive the mega factories of the offshoring and friendshoring initiatives against overly relying on the Chinese. As early as twelve years back, FDI have arrived into Vietnam and one famous brand was Nike, who make shoes and apparels in Vietnam and exported to the world. Nothing new, that's diversification and globalisation, a mantra of low cost of production. Not now, no more lower costs!

Will this frequent outage of electricity deter FDI to further their ventures into Vietnam? 

One fact, it takes more time to scale up this capacity of electricity, it cannot be done overnite; infrastructures must precede economics development!

How will Vietnam mitigate this immediate energy threat coupled with hotter weather not seen after the Vietnam war and emerging as the biggest if not the second biggest contract manufacturers in ASEAN? This highly uncertain and climatic driven world, now!

          - - in progress - -

3/6/24, 5:20 pm - +SL: The universe principle always exists and operates; let times heal the gap. 🙏

3/6/24, 5:21 pm - +~l or Smiley face: What if the future of humanity depends on a single decision we make today?

3/6/24, 5:21 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The olds gone and the young rises.... hopefully!

3/6/24, 5:22 pm - +Yilin: Currently the usa is quietly allowing immigrants cross the borders from mexico to usa.

3/6/24, 5:22 pm - +Yilin: I think, why not every country open its doors n see which country everyone runs to.

3/6/24, 5:24 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Merging Points and Melting Pots?

Given the deteriorating relations between the US, China, and Russia, it's crucial to:

1.  Maintain communication channels: Keep open lines of communication to prevent miscommunication and escalation, but acknowledge the challenges in maintaining dialogue during times of tension.

2. Focus on shared interests: Identify areas of commonality, like counter-terrorism and non-proliferation, to foster cooperation, but recognize the limitations of cooperation in the face of competing interests.

3. Encourage Track 2.0 diplomacy: Engage in informal, people-to-people diplomacy to build bridges and promote understanding, but acknowledge the limitations of unofficial diplomacy in shaping official policy.

The Shangrila dialogue is one such avenue and meeting point for many nations....!

3/6/24, 5:25 pm - +Yilin: I think Shangrila dialogue too short. Should be 1 month camp

3/6/24, 5:26 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Relevance to the Current Economic Landscape?

The Asian Financial Crisis serves as a cautionary tale for the current economic landscape. The crisis highlighted the risks of economic instability and the consequences of unchecked economic growth. Today, the global economy faces similar risks, including escalating US-China trade tensions, geopolitical instability, cybersecurity threats, and terrorism driven by differences in religion and systems of belief and faith.

1. Unchecked economic growth and speculation: Then: Thai baht and Indonesian rupiah; Today: Cryptocurrencies and stocks

2. Overreliance on foreign capital: Then: Southeast Asian countries; Today: Emerging markets

3. Currency fluctuations and devaluations: Then: Thai baht and Indonesian rupiah; Today: Trade war-induced currency wars

4. Geopolitical tensions and trade disputes: Then: Asian countries' economic interdependence; Today: US-China trade tensions

5. Rising nationalism and protectionism: Then: Post-AFC economic nationalism; Today: Global rise of protectionist policies

6. Cybersecurity threats and terrorism: Then: None; Today: Growing concerns

7. Global imbalances and inequality: Then: Widening income gaps; Today: Persistent income inequality

Statistical analysis:

1. GDP growth rates: Then (6-8%); Today (3-4%)

2. Trade-to-GDP ratio: Then (50-60%); Today (60-70%)

3. Global debt: Then ($20 trillion); Today ($250 trillion)

4. Currency fluctuations: Then (Thai baht 50% devaluation, Indonesian rupiah 80% devaluation); Today (trade war-induced currency fluctuations)

5. Stock market volatility: Then (50-60% decline); Today (20-30% decline in 2020)

Evidence suggests that the current economic trajectory, marked by geopolitical tensions and global instability, bears striking similarities to the Asian Financial Crisis. To mitigate the risk of another global financial meltdown, policymakers must heed the lessons of the AFC and address rising imbalances, inequality, and cybersecurity threats.

3/6/24, 5:27 pm - +~l or Smiley face: All died Talking cum Standing.....just a joke, don't be offended

3/6/24, 5:27 pm - +~l or Smiley face: More.... serious before Megan cast.....

3/6/24, 5:28 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The US has taken several actions beyond raising tariffs on Chinese goods:

1. Entity List additions

The US Department of Commerce has added several Chinese companies, including Huawei, to the Entity List, restricting their access to US technology and components.

2. Export controls

The US has imposed export controls on certain goods and technologies, such as semiconductors and artificial intelligence, to limit China's access to sensitive technologies.

3. Investment restrictions

The US has implemented restrictions on Chinese investment in the US, particularly in sectors deemed sensitive, such as technology and infrastructure.

4. Visa restrictions

The US has imposed visa restrictions on Chinese officials and researchers, limiting their ability to travel to the US.

5. Financial sanctions

The US has imposed sanctions on Chinese individuals and entities, including officials and companies, for human rights violations and other issues.

A SWIFT response, banning Chinese main banks from international trades and finance would have significant consequences:

3/6/24, 5:29 pm - +Yilin: What do you do when one country prints all the world's currency n controls its distribution?

3/6/24, 5:30 pm - +SL: I like gardening, and understanding all dimensions of how a plant survives sometimes gives me joy in taking care of the plant… Sometimes, the sunlight, water, or soil fertilizer rate is below the sensor indicators to keep plant growth healthy. Different plants have their uniqueness. (some plants focus on greenery, and some plant have lovely flowers )

3/6/24, 5:30 pm - +Yilin: Probiotics by ntu research showed excelled growth

3/6/24, 5:31 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Two enablers (disablers) of growth....sun and water?

3/6/24, 5:32 pm - +SL: I guess the Principle remained unchanged..?

3/6/24, 5:32 pm - +SL: Although the universe change..

3/6/24, 5:32 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Things always changing or else it will not be called earth and humankind, isn't it so?

3/6/24, 5:34 pm - +SL: #3 will not yield as trust broken..

3/6/24, 5:34 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "If SG is a small red dot. The Earth is a small green dot. The universe is full of colourful dots!"

So what is size, magnitude and the sum of all?

3/6/24, 5:34 pm - +~l or Smiley face: How?

3/6/24, 5:35 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "Thinking outside the box is no longer sufficient; thinking beyond the building is where profound insights into self discovery and innovation begin." 

-- anonymity

In the realm of intellectual exploration, "thinking beyond the building" represents a paradigmatic shift in our approach to creativity, innovation, and personal growth. By transcending our mental and physical constructs, we enter a vast expanse of possibility, pushing the boundaries of thought and imagination.

3/6/24, 5:37 pm - +SL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/04/25/how-nationalism-can-support-or-divide-democracies/

?🤷‍♂️🤔

3/6/24, 5:38 pm - +SL: May I ask so?

3/6/24, 5:38 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "Mind over matters, and matters including brain. What is soul?"

-- anonymity

No two minds (eg. of any Global leaders) think exactly alike, a profound realisation that highlights the incredible diversity of human thought and experience. Despite shared experiences, common interests, or similar perspectives, each mind processes information uniquely, weaving a distinct tapestry of thoughts, ideas, and insights. This uniqueness is a testament to the remarkable complexity and individuality of the human brain, shaped by an intricate interplay of genetics, experiences, and environment. Recognising that no two minds think exactly alike encourages us to embrace diversity of thought, celebrate individual perspectives, and engage in open-minded dialogue...

The Shangrila dialogue is one communicate locale!

3/6/24, 5:42 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Further Thoughts:

What is AI and VR?

The concept of the mind living forever while the physical body and brain cease to exist after death is a belief held by many spiritual and religious traditions. The Tiberian Book of Living and Dying, a fictional text, explores this idea, suggesting that the soul survives physical death and continues to exist in a spiritual realm. According to this belief, souls are separated by the vector of dimensional realm, existing in distinct and separate planes of existence, each with its own unique characteristics and properties.

Some spiritual beliefs and theories propose the existence of multiple dimensional realms or planes of existence, potentially up to 12 in number, offering a vast and complex landscape of consciousness and soul evolution. Nikola TeSL: a, the famous inventor and engineer, believed in the significance of the numbers 3, 6, and 9, and saw them as a key to understanding the underlying structure of the universe and the nature of energy. And NVIDIA future chips named Rubik is 6 sided and that's halfway through 12!

3/6/24, 5:42 pm - +SL: Other factors that are not able to be controlled may affect the plant's health. The chain of events. Eg. Less windy, or too dry, the sensor is not operating in the given correct information resulted in the watering system over water the plants🤷‍♂️

3/6/24, 5:42 pm - +~l or Smiley face: (The views expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the beliefs or doctrines of any religious organisation or scientific community. Readers are advised to consult multiple sources and exercise critical thinking when evaluating the information presented.)

3/6/24, 5:43 pm - +SL: : You are absolutely right. And the factor for the variable is bigger in impact now.

3/6/24, 5:44 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The interplay between expertise and non-expertise is a fascinating aspect of knowledge pursuit. Expertise is characterised by deep understanding and proficiency, while non-expertise acknowledges the limitations of our understanding, inviting us to embrace the unknown. This interplay fosters a growth mindset, essential for developing new expertise and a lifelong journey of learning and growth. Steve Jobs' innovation of the iPad and Elon Musk's ventures exemplify "thinking beyond the building," merging technology and art, and challenging traditional industries.

Knowledge and non-knowledge have a profound impact on our understanding of the world and ourselves. Knowledge represents acquired information, skills, and experiences, while non-knowledge acknowledges the limitations of our understanding, encouraging us to ask questions and seek new information. Embracing complexity has led to significant advances in various fields, such as the Human Genome Project and chaos theory.

3/6/24, 5:44 pm - +SL: : No idea now what can do, maybe wait and 🍿 the best option.

3/6/24, 5:46 pm - +~l or Smiley face: "The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is transforming industries and economies worldwide. As Asia's leading innovation hubs, Singapore and Taiwan are poised to capitalise on this trend. This report examines the potential for a strategic alliance in AI development between Singapore and Taiwan, leveraging their complementary strengths and expertise. By pooling their resources and knowledge, these two nations can drive innovation, foster economic growth, and enhance their global competitiveness in the AI landscape."

-- anonymity 

The AI revolution is reshaping the global economy, and Asia is at the forefront of this transformation. Singapore and Taiwan, renowned for their innovation ecosystems, are well-positioned to harness the potential of AI. However, the AI landscape is highly competitive, and individual efforts may not be sufficient to achieve significant impact. A collaborative approach, leveraging the strengths of both nations, can unlock new opportunities for growth, innovation, and prosperity.

The Duo?

The AI revolution is driven by advancements in data science, machine learning, and computing power. AI applications are transforming industries, improving efficiency, and creating new business models. Asia's economic growth and competitiveness are increasingly tied to AI adoption and innovation.

3/6/24, 5:47 pm - +Yilin: I believe our loved ones exist in parallel worlds

3/6/24, 5:47 pm - +Yilin: It is up to us to find them

3/6/24, 5:47 pm - +~l or Smiley face: 4th and 5th.....the higher it goes up, the infinite it will be....

3/6/24, 5:52 pm - +~l or Smiley face: As we traver the complexities of a rapidly changing world, it is imperative that we prioritise dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding. By fostering a spirit of collaboration and respect, we can effectively address the pressing challenges that face our global community, from economic development and environmental sustainability to peace and security. Through open communication and a commitment to understanding, we can build bridges between nations and cultures, promoting a more just and prosperous world for all. By working together, we can create a brighter future, one that is grounded in our shared humanity and our collective aspirations for a better tomorrow.

Yet another positive attribute of our Shangri-La dialogue!

3/6/24, 5:52 pm - +SL: The universe is colorful; the supernova is big, and the neutron is small but heavier. Nebula is wide. All co-exist.

3/6/24, 5:52 pm - +~l or Smiley face: What if everything is a simulation.....?

3/6/24, 5:54 pm - +Nic Freehold: Then we can be NEO or choose to be plugged in

3/6/24, 5:55 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Like NFT characters.... wonderful, isn't it?

3/6/24, 5:55 pm - +Nic Freehold: NPC or NFT

3/6/24, 5:56 pm - +~l or Smiley face: The mind vs brain debate is a longstanding philosophical and scientific inquiry that explores the relationship between the non-physical aspects of consciousness, thoughts, and feelings (the mind) and the physical organ that enables cognitive functions, emotions, and behaviours (the brain). This debate has sparked intense discussion and research across various disciplines, including psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and spirituality.

At the heart of this debate lie four key perspectives: dualism, monism, idealism, and materialism.

3/6/24, 5:57 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Simulation and sequence...

3/6/24, 5:57 pm - +Nic Freehold: Shangri La dialogue buys us clout and respect. Instead of war lingering profiteering countries. 

Singapore promotes peace

3/6/24, 5:58 pm - +~l or Smiley face: Yes, yes !

3/6/24, 6:00 pm - +REACH: 📢 *Topic* 📢

3/6/24, 6:06 pm - +~l or Smiley face: In the heart of Singapore, the Shangri-La Dialogue has been a beacon of hope for global security cooperation since 2002. As the premier forum for security discussions in the Asia-Pacific region, it has brought together defence ministers and military chiefs from around the world. However, beneath the surface of diplomatic smiles and handshakes lies a complex web of power dynamics, interests, and challenges.

The dialogue's success is largely attributed to Singapore's neutrality and diplomatic prowess. However, this neutrality is not without its limitations. The influence of major powers can shape the agenda, potentially marginalising smaller nations' concerns. For instance, the United States and China have significant sway over the dialogue's proceedings, which can lead to a focus on their own interests rather than collective security.

Despite this challenge, the Shangri-La Dialogue has facilitated crucial discussions and trust-building among nations. To further enhance its impact, it is essential to ensure diverse representation, including smaller nations and non-state actors. The absence of non-state actors and limited representation from civil society hinders comprehensive solutions. By incorporating diverse perspectives, the dialogue can better address the complex security issues facing the region.

The dialogue must adopt a comprehensive approach, addressing the interconnected nature of security issues such as terrorism, cybersecurity, and economic cooperation. This can be achieved by incorporating experts from various fields into the discussion. The ASEAN-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) offer valuable lessons in fostering cooperation.

The Shangri-La Dialogue is a valuable platform for global security cooperation, but its effectiveness depends on acknowledging and addressing the complexities and challenges inherent in such initiatives. By fostering a more inclusive and comprehensive approach, we can harness the dialogue's potential to promote regional and global peace and security. As the Asia-Pacific region continues to evolve, the Shangri-La Dialogue must adapt to meet the emerging challenges, ensuring a safer and more secure world for generations to come.

3/6/24, 6:47 pm - +REACH: *Dear Contributors,*

⏰ We will be closing the chat in *15 minutes* ⏰

Thank you very much for being part of our WhatsApp chat and participating actively.

Goodnight!

Megan 😊

3/6/24, 6:50 pm - +Yilin: https://youtu.be/eDho1Y8MekE?feature=shared

3/6/24, 6:58 pm - +~l or Smiley face: <Media omitted>

3/6/24, 6:59 pm - +Jimmy Chew: I thought he has cancer? He wants to leave a.legacy, he feels he has been called to create the Greater Russia before he dies. Destiny's calling for him. Just like Hitler

3/6/24, 6:59 pm - +Yilin: Is there an article? Thanks

3/6/24, 7:00 pm - +~l or Smiley face: <Media omitted>

3/6/24, 7:02 pm - +Jimmy Chew: They thank Thaman for the delightful dinner hahahaha

3/6/24, 7:04 pm - +REACH: *Dear Contributors,*

We will be closing the chat for today.

Thank you very much for being part of our WhatsApp chat and participating actively.

Goodnight!

Megan 😊

3/6/24, 7:06 pm - ~ REACH Singapore changed this group's settings to allow only admins to send messages to this group

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